Afternoon Asr prayer: how to read the Ikende prayer. Obligatory prayers: features and order of performance by men

“All the deeds of the one who allows himself to abandon the recitation of the Asr prayer are in vain.” It is precisely this strict hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) that can be found in the collection of Imam Al-Bukhari.

This prayer is the third in the order of obligatory ones after the morning prayer (Sabah or Fajr) and (oilya or Zuhr). Moreover, it is perhaps the shortest, and therefore leaving it without reading is an unaffordable luxury for a Muslim. Even the busiest one.

Afternoon (or pre-evening) prayer in Arabic is usually designated by the word “Asr”, while among the Turkic peoples the name “Ikende” has taken root. In this material we will use all these notations.

note that the positions of body parts in rakats are described for men. In women they are somewhat (slightly).

Asr prayer time

Regarding temporary O At the end of the afternoon prayer, the opinions of theological scholars were divided. Most of them believe that it begins when the shadow of an object is equal to its length. However, imam-agzam Abu Hanifa said that one should begin ikenda prayer only after the shadow of an object becomes twice its size. One way or another, modern alims note, during the Asr prayer the sun loses its brightness and begins to “turn yellow.” This point can also be used as one of the indicators. Ikende is recited before the sun goes below the horizon.

However, in the collections of statements of the Final Messenger of the Almighty (s.g.w.) one can find a hadith in which a very harsh assessment is given regarding those who postpone the Asr prayer until the last minute. “Only a hypocrite waits for the moment when the sun falls into the horns of the Devil. Then he gets up for prayer and prays in a hurry” (Muslim).

How to read the Ikende prayer?

This prayer is perhaps the simplest in terms of its structure. It is imperative to read four rakats, which, in fact, are in the status of fard. But there is also an additional part that precedes the fard. We will talk about it in detail at the end of the article.

For the convenience of readers, we provide a video of an example of reading the obligatory part of the Asr prayer.

4 rak'ahs of fard

Rakaat No. 1

The very first action that precedes further actions is the expression of the intention to read the Asr prayer. There is no specific formula in Arabic that indicates intention. The main thing is that a person has a desire in his heart to perform a specific prayer at a strictly designated time. You can also say quietly out loud in any language: “Oh Allah! I intend to readfourrakatamandatory part (orfarda) Asr prayer."

This is followed by takbir-tahrim - phrase "Allahu Akbar" (Allah is Great). At the moment of pronouncing this takbir out loud, the worshiper raises his hands with his palms towards the qibla until the thumbs come into contact with the earlobes. It is worth noting that the Hanafis and Shafiis insist on the need for such a touch, while the Hanbalis and Malikis do not consider this action obligatory. After a person pronounces takbir-tahrim, he should almost completely disconnect from the surrounding reality and immerse himself in worship - he cannot speak on extraneous topics or perform actions not related to prayer. The gaze should be directed to the point where the person’s forehead should be when bowing to the ground (sujud).

“Subehanyaka Allahummya vya bihamdikya, vya tabyarakasmukya, vya ta’ala jaddukya, vya la Ilyakha gairuk”

Translation of meaning: "Glory be to Allah! Your name is the greatest, there is no one equal to You. No one can be worshiped except You."

In the Shafi'i madhhab this dua is read differently:

“Vyajyakhtu vyajkhiya lillyaziy yataras-samavaati wal-ard, hanifam muslimya, vya me ana minal-musharikiin, innyas-salyati vya nusuki, vya makhyaya, vya mammati lillyakhi Rabbil-galyamin, la shariikya lyakh, vya bi zyalikya die vya ana minal-musalimiin »

Translation: “I go to You, Who created the heavens and the Earth. I do not commit the sin of shirk (worshipping anyone else), because, verily, my duas, supplications, requests, good character, life and death are all in Your power, in the power of Allah Almighty, Who has no partner . This is what I am obliged to do, because, truly, I am from among the Muslims.”

The dua “Sana”, as well as the Koranic suras that follow it, are pronounced in a standing position “kyyam”. The hands are placed below the navel, with the right palm placed on the left and wrapped around it with the thumb and little finger. The remaining three fingers rest on the left forearm. This arrangement of hands is characteristic of the Hanafi madhhab. The Shafi'is generally keep them in a similar position, but slightly above the navel. The Malikis give up completely, but the Hanbalites leave this question to the believer’s own discretion.

Following the dua “Sana” come “ta-avuz” and “basmalla” - phrases “Aguzyu billyahi min ash-shaytaanir-rajiim” And "BismilLyahi-r-Rahmanir-Rakhim" (“I turn to the Lord from Satan, who is stoned. In the name of Allah, the Gracious and Merciful [I begin the work]”). Then the worshiper must read, followed by an additional, short surah or successive verses from the Holy Quran (at least three pieces). An example of a short sura is.

Then the person praying must perform an action such as a bow (ruku’): at the end of the additional sura, the person recites takbir ("Allahu Akbar"), lowers his arms and bends over so that both his hands rest on his knees and his fingers spread apart. When viewed from the side, the person's posture will resemble the letter "G". At this time you need to say three times: "Subhanya Rabbi al-Ghazyim" (“Pure Great Master”). Next, you need to get out of the “ruku” position, saying: “Sami’a Allahu limyan Khyamimideh” (“The Almighty hears absolutely all words of glorification”). The person praying stands straight, his hands are lowered. The formula is not pronounced out loud: "Rabbanya, Laka-l-hamde" (“O Lord of the worlds! All these words of praise are for You”).

Then comes the turn of prostration, which in Arabic is denoted by the word “sujud”. With the words of takbir, the person lowers himself to the floor - first with his knees, and then with his hands, and finally with his forehead and the bridge of his nose at the same time. The head should be located between the hands (Hanafi manner). Representatives of the Shafi'i madhhab place their hands on the line of the shoulders, not the head. The Hanbalis have a different order of sajda - first the forelimbs are lowered and only then the knees touch the floor. As part of sajda, the eyes are not closed. The fingers are pressed to the floor and directed towards the qibla.

The one praying in prostration says the words three times: "Subehanya Rabbi al-A'la" (“Pure is my Great Master”).

Having said takbir, a person leaves the position of sajda - first he lifts his head off the floor, then his hands are placed on his hips so that the phalanges are directed towards the qibla. The believer sits on the left foot, while the right one is in an intermediate position. They sit in this position for only a couple of seconds. This is followed by takbir and a new prostration with the recitation of “Subehanya Rabbi al-A’la”, after which the first rak’ah is completed. The person repeats “Allahu Akbar” and takes a vertical qiyam position.

Rakaat No. 2

When the worshiper is in a state of qiyamah, the sequence of his actions does not differ much from that described in relation to the previous rak'ah: "Al-Fatiha", followed by an additional surah (for example, ruku', sajd). There is only no dua “Sana”. In addition, after sujud, a person does not immediately begin the third rak’ah, but remains in a sitting position (called “quud”) and says Dua "Tashahhud":

“At-takhiyatu lillyakhi vyas-salavaatu vyat-tayibat. As-salamu ‘alaika, ayuhannabiyyu, vya rahmatulLaahi vya byarakatukh. As-salamu ‘alaynya vya ‘ala gyibadillahis-salihiin. Ashhadu allaa-ilaaha illallahu, vya ashhadu anna Muhammyadan gabaduhu vya rasulyukh"

Translation: “Our greetings, our prayers are directed to Allah. Peace to you, our Prophet, mercy to you from the Almighty Master and blessings from Him. I testify that there is no one worthy of worship except Allah Almighty. I testify that Muhammad is His servant and His messenger."

When pronouncing the expression “Ashhadu allaa-ilaaha illallahu,” you should raise your index finger. They lower it back when the words “vya ashkhadu anna Muhammyadan gabedukhu vya rasulyukh” are pronounced. At this point, the Muslim completes the recitation of the second rak’ah of the ‘Asr prayer and, with the words of takbir, stands up for the third.

Rakaat No. 3

The order of its implementation corresponds to how the 1st rak'ah is performed. The difference is that there is no dua-sana here, and after “Fatiha” a person immediately, without reading other surahs/ayat, goes to the ruku’ and then to prostration. In the 3rd rak'ah there is no kuud (sitting), and therefore immediately after bowing to the ground one must stand for the final - the fourth rak'ah.

Rakaat No. 4

Regarding this rak'ah, it is fair to say that in a sense it duplicates the second one, with the difference that only “Fatiha” is read in the qiyam. Here, too, after bowing to the ground, one must perform qu’ud (sitting), where tashahhud is pronounced. Only after it comes an additional dua prayer, which is usually designated as "salawat":

“Allahumma salli ala Muhammadin wa ala ali Muhammad. Kamya-salata ala Ibrahiima vya ala ali Ibrahiima. Innyaka hamiidyun majiid. Allahumma barik ala Muhammadin vya ala ali Muhammad. Kamya byaraktya ala Ibrahiima vya ala ali Ibrahiima, innyaka hamiidyun majiid"

Translation: “Oh Allah! We turn to You with a request to send blessings to Muhammad and his family in exactly the same way as You did for Ibrahim and his family. Verily, You are the Praised One. Oh Allah! We ask You to bestow blessings on Muhammad and his family, just as you previously did for Ibrahim and his family. Verily, it is You who are worthy of glory and praise.".

This dua is followed by an excerpt from the 201st verse of the largest sura of the Book of the Almighty “Al-Baqarah”:

“Rabbanya-atina fid-dunya hasyanatyan vya fil akhiraati hasyanatan vya kyina gazabannar” (2:201)

Meaningful translation: “Oh our Lord! We ask You to bestow goodness on us in this world and the Eternal World. We also pray to you for protection from the fire of Hell and other torments there.".

Then the worshiper makes a greeting - turns his face to the sides with the words “As-salamu galekum vya rahmatullah.”(They can be translated as follows: “ Greetings to you and the mercy of Allah"). Islamic theologians note that in fact the greeting in the final part of the prayer is addressed to other worshipers, Muslim jinn and angels who record human deeds.

Next, the believer must say the expression three times: "Astagafirullahi" (“Forgive me, O Allah”). And here comes the turn final dua, during which a person should look at his open, raised palms:

“Allahumma antas-salaamu ya minkyas-salaamu. Tabyarakta ya zal-jalaali vyal-ikraam"

Its meaning is this: “Oh Lord! You are the world, and You are the Creator of this world. We ask Your blessing."

The person praying says "Amen" and strokes his face. That's all.

Additional 4 rak'ahs of sunnat

Few people know, but before the obligatory part of the afternoon prayer, you can read the same number of Sunnat rakats. Their accomplishment is mentioned in the biography of the Grace of the Worlds by Muhammad (s.g.w.). The collection of his sayings, prepared by Imam At-Tirmidhi, says: “The Almighty Creator will send His mercy to the one who reads four rakats of the sunnah before the prayer ‘Asr.” Theologians attribute this to mustahab, that is, to such an action, the commission of which brings grace to a person (savap), and refusal to observe it is not considered a sinful act.

This sunnat prayer is almost similar to the farda rakats described above. However, there are some differences worth noting:

1. Expressions denoting a new action in prayer (takbir, words of exit from the state of ruku’ and the right-left greeting at the end) are not spoken out loud during the sunnat prayer, unlike fard.

2. In all rakats after “Fatiha”, it is required to read either excerpts from the Noble Quran of three or more consecutive verses, or some short surah (for example, “Al-Falyak” and).

Afternoon prayer 4 fard

1. While standing, express with your heart the intention (niyat) to perform namaz.

2. Raise both hands, palms towards the Qiblah and say “Allahu Akbar”.

3. Then place your right hand with the palm of your left hand and lower your folded hands in this way just below the navel (women place their hands at chest level) and read the dua “Sana”
"Subhaanakya allaahumma wa bihamdika, wa tabaarakyasmuka, wa ta'alaya jadduka, wa laya ilyayahe gairuk" .

Then:
"Auzu billahi minashshaytaani r-rajim"
Surah al-Fatiha
Bismillahi r-rahmaani r-rahim

Arrahmaani r-rahim
Maaliki Yaumiddin

Amine! ..

After Surah al-Fatiha, we read another short surah or one long verse, for example Surah “al-Kawsar”

Inna a-"tainakyal Kyausar.
Fasalli li Rabbika uanhar.
inna shani akya huva l-abtar.

4. With your hands down, say: "Allahu Akbar" "Subhana-Rabbiyal-"aziym" - 3 times

5. After the hand, straighten your body to a vertical position, saying: "Samigallahu-limyan-hamidah" then talk to yourself "Rabbana wa lakal hamd"

6. After a short pause, perform the “sajda” bow to the ground, saying"Allahu Akbar" . When prostrating, you should touch the ground with your palms, knees, toes, forehead and nose. Having achieved calmness in prostration, say:

"Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya" - 3 times.

7. After this with words "Allahu Akbar" rise from the soot to a sitting position after pausing in this position for 2-3 seconds

8. And again in words "Allahu Akbar" "Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya" - 3 times.

9. After this with words "Allahu Akbar" rise from the soot into the second rak'ah. Read Surah al-Fatihah
Bismillahi r-rahmaani r-rahim
Alhamdu lillahi rabbil galyamin
Arrahmaani r-rahim
Maaliki Yaumiddin
Iyyakya nagbydu va iyakya nastagyin
Ikhdina s-syraatal mystakyim
Syraatallyazina angamta aleikhim
Gairil Magdubi Aleikhim Valad-daaallyin"
Amine!.. ("Amen" is pronounced silently).

After Surah al-Fatiha, we read another short surah or one long verse, for example Surah al-Ikhlas
Kul huva Allahu Ahad
Allahu s-samad
Lam yalid wa lam yuulyad
Wa lam yakullahuu kufuvan ahad

10. With your hands down, say: "Allahu Akbar" and make a hand" (waist bow). While bowing, say: "Subhana-Rabbiyal-"aziym" - 3 times

11. After the hand, straighten your body to a vertical position, saying: "Samigallahu-limyan-hamidah" then talk to yourself "Rabbana wa lakal hamd"

12. Speak afterwards "Allahu Akbar"

"Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya" - 3 times.

13. After this with words "Allahu Akbar"

14. And again in words "Allahu Akbar" descend into soot again and say again:

"Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya" - 3 times.

15. After saying "Allahu Akbar"

"Attahiyaty lillahi vassalavaty vatayibyatu. Assalamu aleyke ayuhannabiyu wa rahmatyllahi wa barakatykh. Assalamu aleyna va galya gyybadillahi s-salihiin. Ashhady alla illaha illallah. Wa ashhady anna Muhammadan. Gabdyhu wa rasuluh" .

Then say "Allahu Akbar" go up 3 rakat.

16. Read Surah al-Fatihah
Bismillahi r-rahmaani r-rahim
Alhamdu lillahi rabbil galyamin
Arrahmaani r-rahim
Maaliki Yaumiddin
Iyyakya nagbydu va iyakya nastagyin
Ikhdina s-syraatal mystakyim
Syraatallyazina angamta aleikhim
Gairil Magdubi Aleikhim Valad-daaallyin"
Amine!.. ("Amen" is pronounced silently).

17. With your hands down, say: "Allahu Akbar" and make a hand" (waist bow). While bowing, say: "Subhana-Rabbiyal-"aziym" - 3 times

18. After ruku, straighten your body to a vertical position, saying: "Samigallahu-limyan-hamidah" then talk to yourself "Rabbana wa lakal hamd"

19. Then speak "Allahu Akbar" , perform sajda (prostration). When bowing, say:

"Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya" - 3 times.

20. And again in words "Allahu Akbar" descend into soot again and say again: "Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya" - 3 times.

21. After this with words "Allahu Akbar" rise from the soot on the fourth rak'ah. Read Surah al-Fatihah
Bismillahi r-rahmaani r-rahim
Alhamdu lillahi rabbil galyamin
Arrahmaani r-rahim
Maaliki Yaumiddin
Iyyakya nagbydu va iyakya nastagyin
Ikhdina s-syraatal mystakyim
Syraatallyazina angamta aleikhim
Gairil Magdubi Aleikhim Valad-daaallyin"
Amine!.. ("Amen" is pronounced silently).

22. With your hands down, say: "Allahu Akbar" and make a hand" (waist bow). While bowing, say: "Subhana-Rabbiyal-"aziym" - 3 times

23. After ruku, straighten your body to a vertical position, saying: "Samigallahu-limyan-hamidah" then talk to yourself "Rabbana wa lakal hamd"

24. Then speak "Allahu Akbar" , perform sajda (prostration). When bowing, say:

"Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya" - 3 times.

25. After this with words "Allahu Akbar" rise from the soot to a sitting position. After pausing in this position for 2-3 seconds

26. And again in words "Allahu Akbar" descend into soot again and say again: "Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya" - 3 times.

27. After saying "Allahu Akbar" rise from the soot to a sitting position and read the dua "Attahiyat"

"Attahiyaty lillahi vassalawaty vatayibyatu. Assalamu aleyke ayuhannabiyu wa rahmatyllahi wa barakatykh. Assalamu aleina va galya gyybadillahi s-salihiin. Ashhady alla illaha illallah Wa ashhady anna Muhammadan Gabdykhu wa rasuluh."

Then read "Salavat":
Allahuma sally ala Muhammadin wa ala ali Muhammadin, kyama sallayta ala Ibrahima wa ala ali Ibrahima, innakya Hamidun majid. Allahuma, barik ala Muhammyadin wa ala ali Muhammyadin kama barakta ala Ibrahima wa ala ali Ibrahima, innakya Hamidu majid.

Then read daa Rabbana:
“Rabbana atina fid-dunya hasanatav wa fil-akhyrati hassanatav wa kyna ‘azaban-nar.”

16. Say a greeting: "Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah" with the head turned first towards the right shoulder, and then towards the left.

This completes the prayer.

One of the obligatory pillars of Islam that every Muslim must perform is praying five times a day (salat) to Allah Almighty at the prescribed time of day. At the same time, in order to perform namaz, certain conditions must be met. How to perform namaz correctly and what should every Muslim know before performing it?

How to read namaz correctly - preparation

Before starting prayer, it is necessary to perform a small (wudu) ablution or, if necessary, a complete ablution (ghusl).

In addition to ablution, the following conditions must also be met:

• Vestment. For women, it is allowed to leave their feet, hands and face open. In this case, the head, including the hair, must be covered. Men's heads remain uncovered.
• The prayer should be performed towards the Kaaba (Mecca, Saudi Arabia).
• A specific time must be observed for a specific prayer.
• You need to express your intention to perform namaz (in the shower).

If all of the above points are fulfilled, then you can begin to perform namaz.

How to read namaz correctly. Five obligatory daily prayers: names and times

• Fajr - morning prayer. This salad is performed at dawn until full sunrise, when the sun completely crosses the horizon.
• Zuhr - midday prayer. You can pray a few minutes after the sun has passed its zenith. The period in which you need to pray ends with the beginning of the Asr prayer.
• Asr – pre-evening prayer. It starts approximately two hours before sunset and needs to be done before the sun begins to disappear below the horizon.
• Maghrib - evening prayer. Evening prayer should be performed immediately after sunset, before the evening glow is still present.
• Isha - night prayer. With the onset of late evening, when it is already completely dark outside, you can perform isha prayer. His time spans the entire night until dawn.

How to read namaz correctly - rules

Let's look at performing prayer using the example of the morning Fajr prayer (consists of 2 ra'kaats). It is important that the person praying reads the prayer silently or in a whisper.

• Stand towards the Kaaba. Lower your arms along your body and you need to look at the floor, about a meter away from you. Don't close your eyes.

• Then the arms are bent at the elbow, open palms are raised from yourself to ear level, the takbir is pronounced: “Allahu Akbar!” (Allah is Great!). In this case, the fingers should be connected together. After pronouncing takbir, you cannot do any actions that could disrupt the prayer, because it will not be taken into account by the Almighty (laughing, talking, looking around, scratching something, and so on).

• Afterwards, the hands are connected on the stomach above the navel. In this case, the right hand is placed on the left, clasping it at the wrist. The first ra'kaat of prayer begins. Sana is read - praise to Allah:

“Subhanaka-llahumma wa-bi-hamdika wa-tabaraka-smuka wa-ta'ala jadduka wa jalla sana'uka wa-la 'ilaha gairuk" (“Glorified are You, O Allah, with Your Purity! Let us begin with praising You. Blessed is the Name Thine. Great is Thy Power. Mighty is Thy Glory. "

• Then it is said: “A’uzu bi-l-lyakhi mina-sh-sheitani-r-rajim!” (“I resort to the protection of Allah from the cursed and rejected Shaitan!”).
• Next, you need to read Surah Al-Fatihah (“The Opener”).

Bi-smi-llahi-r-rahmani-r-rahim.
Al-hamdu li-llahi rabbi-l-alamin.
Ar-rahmani-r-rahim.
Maaliki yawmi-d-din.
Iyyaka na'budu wa iyyaka nasta'in.
Ikhdina-s-siraata-l-mustakiim.
Siraata-l-lyaziina an'amta alaihim.
Gairi-l-magdubi aleihim wa la-d-daaaalliin.

In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds,
The Gracious, the Merciful,
Lord of the Day of Retribution!
You alone we worship and You alone we pray for help.
Lead us on the straight path,
the path of those whom You have blessed, not those on whom wrath has fallen, and not those who are lost.

• After completing the opening sura, you need to say: “Amen!” and immediately another surah is read. This could be Surah “An-nas” (People), “Al-ikhlas” (Purification of Faith), “Al-falak” (Dawn) or any other by heart.
• After the second sura, the takbir “Allahu Akbar” is again pronounced with a raise of hands and a bow (hand) is made. At the same time, open palms are lowered to the knees, and the following is said: “Subhana rabbiyal-azim!” (Glory to the Greatest Lord!) – 3 times.

• Then, getting up, he says: “Sami’a-l-lahu liman hamidah!” (Allah hears those who praise Him!).
• When fully erect: “Rabbana wa-laka-l-hamd!” (Our Lord, all praise is only to You) and takbir: “Allahu Akbar!”

• After takbir, prostration (sujud) is made. It works as follows. Your knees begin to bend, then you need to stand on them, then lower your hands in front of you and touch your forehead and nose to the floor. Your hands should be clasped at ear level at this time. In this case, the feet remain on their toes. Pronounced: “Subhana rabbi-l-a’la!” (Glory to the Lord Almighty) – 3 times.

• Then takbir and, without getting up, sit on your left leg, bending your foot under you with your toe inward, and straighten your right leg parallel to the floor. The palms are placed on the knees, the fingers are joined and the hands lie along the hips. Then, “Allahu Akbar” is said again and a second bow is made, repeating the phrase three times: “Subhana rabbiyal-a’la.”

• Next, takbir “Allahu Akbar” and you need to stand in reverse order. First, your arms and head come off the floor, and then you need to get up from your squat and straighten up. This is how the first ra'kaat ends.

• This is followed by a repetition of the first ra’kaat and at the end of the second bow, the takbir is pronounced and again you need to sit on your feet. In this case, the index finger of the right hand must be straightened towards the Kaaba. The prayers “Tashahhud” and “Salyavat” are read. During these prayers, the straightened finger should move up and down without stopping.

“At-tahiyyatu li-llahi wa-s-salyawatu wa-t-tayyibat! As-salamu ‘alaika ayyuha-n-nabiyyu wa-rahmatu-llahi wa-barakatuh! As-salamu 'alaina wa-'ala ibad-llahi-s-salihin! Ashkhadu ‘al-la ‘ilaha ila-llahu, wa-‘ashkhadu ‘anna Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa-rasuluh!’ (All greetings are to Allah, all prayers and righteous deeds. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, the mercy of Allah and His blessings! Peace be upon us and all the righteous servants of Allah. I testify that there is no god but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is His slave and messenger.)

Salawat: “Allahumma salli ‘ala Muhammadiv-wa-‘ala ‘ali Muhammadin kama sallayta ‘ala Ibrahima wa-‘ala ‘ali Ibrahima, innaka hamidun-majid. Allahumma barik 'ala Muhammadiv-wa-'ala 'ali Muhammadin kama barakta 'ala Ibrahima wa-'ala 'ali Ibrahima, innaka hamidun-majid" (O Allah! Bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Truly , You are Glorious, Praiseworthy and Great. O Allah! Show Your generosity to Muhammad and his family, as You bestowed Your generosity on Ibrahim and his family.

• After salawat, you need to turn your head to the right and say: “As-salamu alaikum wa rahmatu-l-lah” (Peace and mercy of Allah be upon you), and then to the left and again: “As-salamu alaikum wa rahmatu-l-lah.”
• Fajr prayer is over. All other prayers, except Maghrib, consist of 4 ra’kaats. After the first two, when the tashahud is pronounced until “Ashhadu ‘al-la ‘ilahu illa-llahu ...”, the takbir “Allahu Akbar!” is said again, you need to get up and repeat two more ra’kaats. Maghrib consists of 3 ra'kaats.

Before you start praying, you need to become familiar with when you can’t perform namaz, what violates namaz, how to properly perform ablution, and much more. At first it may seem that everything is very difficult, but it is not! The most important thing is that after prayer you will feel inner peace and satisfaction! Peace and blessings of Allah be upon you!

Complete collection and description: prayer before Asr for the spiritual life of a believer.

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Sunnah prayers before Asr and before Isha!?Order of performance!

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Muslim prayer or how to perform namaz

Registered: 29 Mar 2012, 14:23

(a) Afternoon prayer on Fridays in the Mosque (Friday Prayer).

(b) Eid (holiday) prayer in 2 rakats.

Midday (Zuhr) 2 rakats 4 rakats 2 rakats

Daytime (Asr) – 4 rak’ahs –

Before sunset (Maghreb) – 3 rakats 2 rakats

Night (Isha) – 4 rakats 2 r+1 or 3 (Witr)

* The “Wudu” prayer is performed in the period of time between performing ablution (Wudu) and before Fard (obligatory) prayer in 2 rak’ahs.

* Additional prayer "Doha" is performed in 2 rak'ahs after full sunrise and before noon.

* For the sake of showing respect to the mosque, it is carried out in 2 rak'ahs immediately after entering the mosque.

Prayer in a state of need, in which the believer asks God for something special. It is performed in 2 rakats, after which a request should follow.

Prayer for rain.

Prayer during lunar and solar eclipses is one of the signs of Allah. It is carried out in 2 rakats.

The prayer “Istikhara” (Salatul-Istikhara), which is performed in 2 rakats in cases where a believer, intending to make a decision, turns to God with a request for help in making the right choice.

2. It is not pronounced out loud: “Bismillah”, which means In the Name of Allah.

3. Start washing your hands up to your hands – 3 times.

4. Rinse your mouth – 3 times.

5. Rinse your nose – 3 times.

6. Rinse your face – 3 times.

7. Wash your right hand up to the elbow – 3 times.

8. Wash your left hand up to the elbow – 3 times.

9. Wet your hands and run them through your hair – 1 time.

10. At the same time, rub the inside of the ears with the index fingers of both hands, and once with the thumbs behind the ears.

11. Wash your right leg up to the ankle – 3 times.

12. Wash your left leg up to the ankle – 3 times.

The Prophet (peace be upon him) said that the sins of that person will be washed away along with unclean water, like drops falling from the tips of his nails, who, preparing himself for prayer, will pay due attention to ablution.

Discharge of blood or pus.

After menstruation or the postpartum period in women.

After an erotic dream that causes a wet dream.

After the “Shahadah” - a statement of acceptance of the Islamic faith.

2. Wash your hands – 3 times.

3. Then the genitals are washed.

4. This is followed by the usual ablution that is performed before prayer, except for washing the feet.

5. Then three full handfuls of water are poured onto the head, while simultaneously rubbing them with your hands into the roots of the hair.

6. Abundant washing of the whole body begins on the right side, then on the left.

For a woman, Ghusl is made in the same way as for a man. If her hair is braided, she must undo it. After that, she just needs to throw three full handfuls of water on her head.

7. At the end, the feet are rinsed, first the right and then the left foot, thereby completing the stage of complete ablution.

2. Beat your hands on the ground (clean sand).

3. Shake them off and run them over your face at the same time.

4. After this, run your left hand over the top of your right hand, and do the same with your right hand over the top of your left hand.

2. Zuhr - Midday prayer in 4 rak'ahs. Starts at noon and continues until mid-day.

3. Asr - Daily prayer in 4 rak'ahs. Starts in the middle of the day and continues until the sun just begins to set.

4. Maghrib - Evening prayer in 3 rak'ahs. It begins at sunset (it is forbidden to pray when the sun has completely set).

5. Isha - Night prayer in 4 rakats. It begins with the onset of night (full twilight) and continues until the middle of the night.

(2) Without saying it out loud, concentrate on the thought that you are going to perform such and such a prayer, as an example, I am going to perform the Fajr prayer for the sake of Allah, that is, the morning prayer.

(3) Raise your arms bent at the elbows. Hands should be at ear level, saying:

“Allahu Akbar” – “Allah is Great”

(4) Wrap your right hand around your left hand, placing them on your chest. Then say:

1. Al-Hamdu Lillyahi Rabbil-Aalamiin

2. Ar-Rahmaani r-Rakhim.

3. Maliki Yaumid-Diin.

4. Iyaka na-will be Wa Iyaka nasta-iin.

5. Ikhdina s-syraatal- Mustaqiim.

6. Siraatal-Lyazina anamta aley-khim.

7. Gairil Magduubi alei-him Valad Doo-liin.

2. To the Gracious, the Merciful.

3. Lord of the Day of Retribution!

4. You alone we worship and You alone we pray for help.

5. Lead us to the straight path,

6. The path of those whom You have bestowed with Your blessings.

7. By the way of those whom You have blessed, not of those on whom wrath has fallen, and not of those who are lost

3. Lam-Yalid-valam yulyad

4. Wa-lam yakul-lahu-Kufu-uan Ahad.”

1. Say: “He is Allah - One,

2. Allah is Eternal (only He whom I will need forever).

5. He did not give birth and was not born

6. And there is no one equal to Him.”

Your hands should rest on your knees. Then say:

In this case, the hands of both hands touch the floor first, followed by the knees, forehead and nose. The toes rest on the floor. In this position you should say:

2. As-Salayamu aleyka Ayukhan-nabiyu va rahmatu Llaahi va barakayatukh.

3. Assalamu Aleyna wa ala ibaadi Llaahi-ssalihin

4. Ashhadu Allah ilaha ila Allah

5. Wa Ashhadu Anna Muhammadan Abduhu wa Rasuulyukh.

2. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, the mercy of Allah and His blessing.

3. Peace be with us, as well as with all the righteous servants of Allah.

4. I testify that there is no god worthy of worship except Allah.

5. And I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.

2. Wa Alaya Ali Muhammad

3. Kyama sallayta alaya Ibrahiima

4. Wa alaya ali Ibrahiim

5. Wa Baarik alaya Muhammadin

6. Wa Alaya Ali Muhammad

7. Kamaa Barakta alaya Ibrahiima

8. Wa alaya ali Ibrahim

9. Innakya Hamidun Majid.

3. Just as You blessed Ibrahim

5. And send down blessings on Muhammad

7. Just as You sent down blessings on Ibrahim

9. Truly, all Praise and Glory belongs to You!

2. Innal Insana Lafi Khusr

3. Illya-Lyazina Aman

4. Wa Amilyu-salihati, Wa Tavasa-u Bil-hakki

5. Wa Tavasa-u Bissabr.

1. I swear by the evening time

2. Verily, every man is at a loss,

3. Except those who believe,

4. Performed righteous deeds

5. We commanded each other the truth and commanded each other patience!

2. Fasal-li Lirabbikya Van-har

3. Inna Shani-aka Khuval Abtar

1. We have given you Abundance (Countless blessings, including a river in Paradise, which is called al-Kawsar).

2. Therefore perform prayer for the sake of your Lord and slaughter the sacrifice.

3. Truly, your hater himself will be childless.

1. Iza jaa nasrul Allahi wa fatah

2. Varaaitan nassa yad-khuluna fi Dinil-Allahi Afwaja

3. Fa-Sabbih bihamdi Rabika Was-tag-firh

4. Inna-hu Kaanna Tavvaaba.

1. When the help of Allah comes and victory comes;

2. When you see people converting in droves to the religion of Allah,

3. Glorify your Lord with praise and ask Him for forgiveness.

4. Verily, He is the Accepter of repentance.

1. Kul Auuzu Birabil - Falyak

2. Min Sharri maa halyak

3. Va min sharri gaasikin iza Vakab

4. Wa min sharri Naffassati fil Ukad

5. Wa min sharri Haasidin iza Hasad.

1. Say: “I seek refuge in the Lord of dawn,

2. From the evil of what He created.

3. From the evil of darkness when it comes

4. From the evil of sorcerers who spit on knots,

5. From the evil of an envious person when he envies.”

1. Kul Auuzu Birabbi n-naas

2. Maalikin naas

4. Min sharril Vasvasil-hannaas

5. Allyazii yu-vas visu fi suduurin-naas

6. Minal-Jinnati van naas.

"In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful"

1. Say: “I seek refuge in the Lord of men,

4. from the evil of the tempter who retreats (or shrinks) at the remembrance of Allah,

5. Which causes confusion in the hearts of men,

6. And it comes from genies and people.

“They believed and their hearts were comforted by the remembrance of Allah. Is it not by the remembrance of Allah that hearts are comforted?” (Quran 13:28) “If My servants ask you about Me, then I am near and answer the call of the one who prays when he calls on Me.” (Quran 2:186)

The Prophet (M.E.I.B)* encouraged all Muslims to mention the Name of Allah after every prayer as follows:

Vakhdahu Lyaya Sharika Lyakh

Lyahul Mulku, wa Lyahul Hamdu

Vahuva alaya Kulli shayin Kadir

There are many other beautiful prayers that can be learned by heart. A Muslim must recite them throughout the day and night, thereby maintaining constant contact with his Creator. The author chose only those that are simpler and easier to remember.

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Is there a sunnah before Asr prayer?

Question: As is known, according to the Hanafi madhhab, Asr prayer consists of sunnah and farz, but on some Russian sites (seemingly of the Hanafi persuasion), the sunnah of Asr prayer is not indicated. Why? (Baku, Azerbaijan)

In the name of the Gracious and Merciful Allah!

Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh!

Sunnah prayers prescribed before and after Farz prayers (Fajr, Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib and Isha) are of two types:

1) Sunnah muakkada - sunnah prayers that are of great importance: the prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) did not miss them without a good reason (for example, a trip).

2) Sunnah goir-muakkada - sunnah prayers, the performance of which is encouraged: sometimes the prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) performed them, and sometimes he did not.

– 2 rakats before Fajr,

– 4 rakats before Zuhr,

– 2 rakats after zuhr,

– 2 rakats after Maghrib,

– 2 rakats after isha.

A total of 12 rakats of Sunnah Muakkadah per day are obtained. They are mentioned in the following hadith:

من ثابر على اثنتي عشرة ركعة في اليوم والليلة دخل الجنة، أربعا قبل الظهر وركعتين بعدها، وركعتين بعد المغرب، وركعتين بعد العشاء، وركعتين قبل الفجر

Whoever persists in performing twelve rakats day and night will enter heaven: four rakats before Dhuhr, two rakats after Dhuhr, two rakats after Maghrib, two rakats after Isha and two rakats before Fajr. (Nasai. Sunan. – No. 1794, reported by Aisha)

These sunnahs should not be skipped without a good reason. Such a reason, for example, is being on the road. If a person is a traveler (musafir), he can skip the prayers of the sunnah muakqada category, with the exception of two rak'ahs before fajr.

Skipping these sunnahs without a valid reason results in sin.

As for the four rak'ahs before Asr, since they are not included in the category of “Sunnah Muakkadah,” there will be no sin for skipping them, even for no reason. However, these four rak'ahs of sunnah before 'asr are extremely beneficial. You should try to fulfill them. One of the greatest benefits for this is that a person will become the one for whom the Prophet (PBUH) prayed. As Mr. Abdullah ibn Umar related, the Prophet (PBUH) said:

رحم الله امرأ صلى قبل العصر أربعا

May Allah have mercy on the one who performed four rak'ahs before Asr! (Abu Dawud. Sunan. – No. 1271)

Usually people ask righteous, pious people to pray to Allah for themselves. Here, through the performance of four rak'ahs before Asr, there is an opportunity to receive a prayer for oneself from the prophet himself (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).

We have not seen the sites you are writing about, but perhaps they did not talk about the four rakats of the sunnah before Asr, since they do not fall into the category of “sunnah muakkadah”, and their goal was to indicate sunnahs only from this category.

And Allah knows best.

Mufti Suhail Tarmahomed

Fatwa Center (Seattle, USA)

Fatwa Department of the Council of Ulama (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa)

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5 sunnahs that will increase your iman

Whoever obeys the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) obeys Allah. Surah Noor of the Koran says: “Obey Allah and the Prophet, and if you do not listen to them, you will be responsible for yourself.”

These words of Allah Almighty show that the fulfillment of the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) by believers ensures that they find the right path and the mercy of Allah. He who strives for faith strives for everything that will strengthen his iman, that will make him closer to the Almighty, and the sunnah is just that means.

Some sunnahs may seem more difficult to perform than others. But behind them lies a huge benefit and barakat, knowing about which a Muslim would never refuse them. Study the list of such sunnahs below to follow, see which ones you do and which ones you don’t. Perhaps it's time to take your iman to the next level.

1. Performing tahajjud (voluntary night prayer).

For many, it is difficult to wake up for the obligatory morning prayer. To fulfill this sunnah requires patience and self-sacrifice. But its rewards are just as great. Tahajjud prayer is a very blessed prayer. The Quran and Sunnah encourage the performance of this prayer and praise those who perform it.

The Qur'an says: "Stay for almost a night, half a night or a little less" (73:2-3).

It is reported that Ali ibn Abu Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “One night the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, came to me and Fatima, his daughter, and asked: “Aren’t you praying?” I said: “O Messenger of Allah, our souls are in the hands of Allah, and if He wants to wake us up, He will wake us up.” After I said this, he walked away without saying a word in response, and then I heard him walking away and slapping his hand on his thigh, saying: “... but man is most inclined to argue.”

2 rak'ahs before morning fard.

4 rak'ahs before Zuhr prayer and 4 after.

4 rak'ahs before Asr prayer.

2 rak'ahs after Maghrib prayer.

2 rak'ahs after Isha prayer.

Whoever performs these sunnat prayers will receive a great reward in the akhirat. The hadith says: “Two rakats of sunnat prayer in the morning are better than the world and everything in it.”

“Whoever observes four rak’ahs of sunnat prayers before and after the lunch fard prayer will be protected by the Almighty from fire.”

“For those who strive for twelve rakats a day, the Almighty will build a house in Paradise. These are two rakats before morning prayers, four before and two after lunch, and two rakats each after evening and night prayers.”

3. Fasting on Mondays and Thursdays.

Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) kept the fast on these days. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The deeds (of people) are presented (to Allah) on Monday and Thursday, and I want my deeds to be presented while I am fasting.”

This is a habit that a Muslim should strive to make part of his life, as it is loved by Allah.

The 18th surah of the Quran “Al-Kahf” has many advantages. It contains many lessons and stories, such as the history of the people of the cave, the history of Mus and Khidr, Zulqarnain and Yajuj and Majuj. The one who reads this surah on Friday will be illuminated by light until next Friday.

This is quite a long surah, it takes about 40 minutes to read in Arabic, so it is very important to allocate time for it in your schedule and plan ahead so as not to forget.

5. Performing two rak'ahs after ablution.

One morning the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent for Bilal and asked him: “O Bilal, in what way are you ahead of me in Paradise?!” Whenever I entered Paradise, I heard the patter of your feet." Bilal replied: “O Messenger of Allah, whenever I said the adhan, I would perform two rak’ahs, and whenever I broke ablution, I would immediately perform ablution, and I believed that I must perform two rak’ahs for the sake of Allah.” " The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “For these two reasons!”

About voluntary prayers before and after afternoon prayer (‘asr)

Many Muslims believe that the afternoon prayer (‘asr) has no voluntary prayers before or after it. In fact, this is not entirely true.

On performing four rak'ats of voluntary prayer before the 'Asr prayer

From Ibn ‘Umar it is reported that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: “May Allah have mercy on a person who prayed four rak’ahs before the afternoon (‘asr) prayer!” Ahmad 2/117, Abu Dawood 1271, at-Tirmidhi 430.

The authenticity of this hadith was confirmed by the imams at-Tirmidhi, Ibn Khuzaima, Ibn Hibban, al-Hakim, al-Munziri, an-Nawawi, Ahmad Shakir, al-Albani, Muqbil, 'Abdul-Qadir al-Arnaut and Shu'ayb al-Arnaut . See "an-Nasb ar-raya" 2/139, "Sahih al-Jami'" 3493, "Sahih al-Targib" 586, "Tahkyk Jami' al-Usul" 6/26, "Tahkyk al-Musnad" 5980 .

Thus, this hadith is a verbal encouragement to perform a voluntary prayer of four rak'ahs before the 'Asr prayer.

Most imams did not include this prayer among the voluntary prayers performed before and after the obligatory ones, which are called as-Sunan al-Rawaatib. The reason for this was that the transmitter of this hadith, Ibn ‘Umar, did not mention this prayer among those that he conveyed about the voluntary prayers that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, steadily performed, before and after the obligatory prayers.

To this argument, Sheikh Ibn al-Qayim said: “Ibn ‘Umar reported on those voluntary prayers that he knew about from among what the prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, performed. And therefore there are no contradictions between these hadiths.” See “Zadul-ma’ad” 1/312.

Imam al-Shaukani said: “This hadith indicates the desirability of performing four rak’ats before the ‘asr prayer in order to earn the prayer of the prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, for mercy for performing this prayer!” See “Nailul-autar” 1/197, as well as “‘Aunul-ma’bud” 4/149.

Imam al-Munawi said: “Al-Ghazali said: “It is highly desirable to perform these four rak’ats in order to be among those for whom the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, prayed, because truly, his prayer does not go unanswered !“" See “Faydul-Qadir” 4424.

'Asim ibn Damra said: “Once we asked 'Ali ibn Abu Talib about the voluntary daily prayers of the prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and he said: “You will not be able to do all this anyway!” We said: “You tell us, and we will do what we can!” Then 'Ali said: “When the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, performed the morning prayer, he waited until the sun from the east rose to the distance that it sets in the west, and then he stood up and performed two rak'ahs (the prayer of the Spirit at the beginning of its time). He then waited until the sun from the east rose to the height of noon from the west, and then performed four rak'ahs (the prayer of the Spirit at the end of its time). He also performed four rak'ats before lunch (zuhr) and two rak'ats after it. And he also performed four rak'ats before the Asr prayer, making a greeting between two rak'ats, greeting the angels, prophets and those who followed them from among the Muslims." And 'Ali said: "These are sixteen rak'ats of voluntary prayer, which the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, performed during the day. And there are few who are able to do this steadily!’” Ahmad 650, at-Tirmidhi 598, an-Nasai 874.

There was disagreement among scholars regarding the authenticity of this hadith. Those imams who did not recognize this hadith blamed two things for its weakness. First, this hadith was transmitted by ‘Asym ibn Damra from the words of ‘Ali, and they considered ‘Asym to be a weak transmitter.

Secondly, this hadith contradicted what al-Bukhari and Muslim reliably cite, that Ibn 'Umar and 'Aisha, while describing the voluntary prayers that the prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, performed, before and after the obligatory ones, they did not mention any prayer before ' asra.

Firstly, ‘Asim ibn Damra is a worthy transmitter, despite what was said about him. Most imams in the science of hadith transmitters considered him reliable! Imams Ibn Ma'in, Ibn Madini, Ibn Khuzaima and Ibn Sa'd said about him: “He is a reliable transmitter.”

Imam Ahmad said: “He is an argument for me.” Imam al-Bazzar said: “His hadiths are good.” Imam an-Nasai said about him: “There is no problem in him.” See al-Mizan, 2/352-353, al-Kashif 2/50, al-Muharrar fil-hadith 1/135.

And Hafiz Ibn Hajar in at-Taqrib called this transmitter reliable.

Thus, the hadith of such a narrator does not fall below good (hasan). And the authenticity of this hadith was confirmed by Imam Abu ‘Isa at-Tirmizi, Sheikh Ahmad Shakir, Sheikh al-Albani, Sheikh ‘Abdul-Qadir al-Arnaut, Sheikh Shu’ayb al-Arnaut and Sheikh ‘Ali ibn Adam al-Asyubi. See “as-Silsila as-sahiha” 237, “Tahkyk Jami’ al-usul” 6/8, “Sharh Sunan an-Nasai” 11/125.

As for the claim that this hadith contradicts other hadiths, as Imam al-Juzajani said: “O servants of Allah! How can it be that the companions and wives of the prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, who were always with him, did not know about these rak’ats if he performed them all the time?! Truly, 'Asym (the transmitter of the hadith) went against the entire ummah!

In fact, there are no contradictions, since each of the companions described what he knew. For example, among the companions there were those who said that the prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, never performed the prayer of the Spirit, and there were even those among the companions who called this prayer an innovation! But, despite this, it is reliably known in many hadiths that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, performed the prayer of the Spirit and encouraged it to be performed and bequeathed its performance to Abu ad-Darda and Abu Hurayrah!

Hafiz Ibn Hajar said: “Al-Juzajani’s extreme attitude towards the transmitters of ‘Ali is known, and there can be no blame for ‘Asim for what he transmits! For example, 'Aisha, the chosen wife of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), speaks in her own tongue when asked about something that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) did: “Ask 'Ali about it!” Therefore there is nothing What’s surprising is that some companion conveys something that no one else has conveyed, especially with regard to voluntary prayers!” See “Tahzib at-tahzib” 5/46.

Thus, this hadith is reliable, and there are no compelling claims against it.

Imam Ishaq ibn Rahauaykh said: “The best thing that is conveyed about voluntary daily prayers is this hadith!” See al-Jami' 1/195.

Sheikh al-Mubarakfuri said: “He probably meant the number mentioned in this hadith - 'sixteen rak'ats', since this is not narrated in other hadiths.” See “Tuhfatul-Ahuazi” 2/504.

Sheikh ‘Ali ibn Adam al-Asyubi said: “This hadith indicates the desirability of performing voluntary prayer before the ‘Asr prayer, which corresponds to the title of the chapter in which Imam an-Nasai cited this hadith: “Prayer before ‘Asr.” See Sharh Sunan an-Nasai 11/126.

Here you should pay attention to the following words in the hadith of ‘Ali: “And he also performed four rak’ats before the ‘Asr prayer, making a greeting between two rak’ats, greeting the angels, prophets and those who followed them from among the Muslims.”

From these words it follows that when performing four rak'ats before 'asr, one should give greetings (taslim) after two rak'ats.

However, this is not entirely true, since here under the greeting we are talking about reading the tashahhud in the second rak’at, since it is in this place that the greeting is pronounced to Allah Almighty, His prophet and believers. Imam al-Baghawi, Imam at-Tibi, Imam al-Sindi, Imam al-Munawi, Sheikh 'Ali al-Qari, Sheikh al-Mubarakfuri, Sheikh al-Albani and others spoke about this. See "Sharh al-Sindi" 2/120. “Tuhfatul-ahuazi” 2/505, “as-Silsila as-sahiha” 237.

Proof of this understanding is the version of this hadith, which is cited by an-Nasai and other imams, which states: “And he also performed four rak’ats before the Asr prayer, making a greeting between two rak’ats, greeting the angels, prophets and those who followed them from among the Muslims. And the greeting (taslim) of the prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, was pronounced at the end of the prayer.” an-Nasai 2/119.

Despite the fact that the majority of imams did not classify the four rak’ahs before the Asra prayer as firmly established prayers performed before and after the obligatory ones, some imams, relying on the mentioned hadiths, still classified these four rak’ahs as the number of sunan rauatib. Among these imams: Abul-Khattab, from among the Hanbali imams, as well as al-Shirazi, from among the Shafi'i imams. And this opinion was also preferred by Imam al-Nawawi. See “al-Mughni” 2/125, “al-Majmu’” 4/18.

Sheikh Muhammad ibn 'Umar Bazmul, in his famous book on voluntary prayers, said: “These four rak'ahs of voluntary prayer before 'Asr are among the sunan ar-rawatib, which is the correct opinion in sha'a Allah, since this prayer is established in words and the act of the prophet himself, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.” See “Salatu-tatau’” 54.

And this is the truth in sha Allah, of which there is no doubt.

About performing two rak'ats after the 'asr prayer

It should be noted that there have been disputes regarding the performance of voluntary prayer after the ‘Asr prayer since the time of the companions of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and also after them among the imams of all madhhabs. Many opinions have been expressed on this issue.

With the permission of Allah, we will present the most reasoned opinions on this topic, so that this topic becomes clearer to us.

One group of scholars believed that voluntary prayer after ‘Asr cannot be performed unambiguously. At the same time, these scientists relied on hadiths in which it is forbidden to perform voluntary prayers during sunrise and sunset.

‘Uqba ibn ‘Amir said: “The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, forbade us to perform prayers and bury our dead for three periods: during sunrise, until it rises (above the horizon); at noon until the sun begins to set; and during the setting of the sun until it goes down.” Muslim 831.

Once Mu'awiyah said to the people who were praying after 'Asr: “Truly, you are performing one prayer, but we did not see the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, performing it, in whose company we were, for he forbade this prayer! ", meaning the prayer of two rak'ahs after the prayer 'asr". al-Bukhari 587.

Ibn ‘Abbas said: “We beat Umar more than once for performing two rak’ats after ‘Asr! al-Bukhari 1233, Muslim 834.

Other scholars said that after ‘Asr, two rak’ahs can be performed after the lunch prayer (Zuhr), if a person missed them for a reason. In doing so, they relied on the following hadith:

Qurayb said that one day Ibn 'Abbas, al-Misuar ibn Mahrama and 'Abdur-Rahman ibn Azhar sent him to 'Aisha, telling her: “Greet her from all of us, ask about the two rak'ah prayer performed after the afternoon prayer, and say to her the following: “We were informed that you were performing this prayer, but it also reached us that the prophet forbade it!” As for Ibn 'Abbas, he said: “We beat Umar more than once for performing two rak'ats after 'asr!' Quraib said: “When I came to ‘Aisha, I told her everything why I was sent to her, but she said: “Ask Umm Salamah about this.” Then I returned to them, conveyed her words and they sent me to Umm Salama, ordering me to ask her the same thing that I asked 'Aisha.' Umm Salama said: “I heard how the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, forbade performing this prayer, but then I saw how, having come to me, he himself began to perform it after the ‘Asr prayer. At that time, I had with me women from among the Ansar, belonging to the tribe of Banu Haram, and I sent a slave to him, telling her to stand next to him and say to him: “O Messenger of Allah, Umm Salama says to you: “I heard how you forbade performing these two rak'ats, but I see that you yourself are doing it." Having finished performing the prayer, the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: “O daughter of Abu Umayyah, you asked about performing two rak’ats after the afternoon prayer. The fact is that people from the ‘Abdul-Qais tribe came to me, who distracted me from performing two rak’ats, which I perform after midday prayer, and therefore I performed these two rak’ats now.” al-Bukhari 1233, Muslim 834.

Other scholars said that the reimbursement of the lunch (zuhr) voluntary prayer was a feature of only the prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and no one else. In doing so, they relied on the following addition to the above hadith, which is given in some versions of this hadith:

Umm Salama asked: “O Messenger of Allah, should we make up for this prayer?” To which the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, replied: “No!” Ahmad 6/315, at-Tahawi 1/180.

However, scholars differ regarding the authenticity of this version of the hadith. Many imams, including al-Bayhaqi, Ibn Hazm, al-Mubarakfuri and al-Albani, said that this version of the hadith is weak. See “al-Ma’rifa” 3/437, “al-Mukhalla” 2/271, “Tuhfatul-Ahuazi” 1/545, “al-Silsila ad-Da’ifa” 946.

These scholars said that the reason for the weakness of this version of the hadith is as follows:

1. In this hadith, the isnad is interrupted because the narrator Zakuan did not hear from ‘Aisha.
2. This version is rejected (shazza), even if it is authentic, since most of the narrators transmitted this hadith without this addition.

Other scholars said that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, made the compensation for the voluntary lunch Sunnah only once, and did not repeat it again. They cited the following hadith as their argument:

Ibn 'Abbas said: “Indeed, the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, performed two rak'ahs after 'asr because he was sent money and he was busy, for which reason he did not perform two rak'ahs after lunch prayer (zurkh). He committed them after ‘Asr and did not do it again!” at-Tirmidhi 184, Ibn Hibban 1575.

However, there is doubt regarding the authenticity of this hadith, since the transmitter of this hadith, Jarir, transmitted it from ‘Ata ibn al-Sahib after he became confused, as mentioned by Hafiz Ibn Hajar in al-Fath. And Sheikh al-Albani called this hadith weak.

But it is also narrated from Umm Salama that she said: “The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, performed two rak’ahs before ‘Asr, but one day he was distracted from them and he performed them after sunset. However, I did not see him commit them either before or after that.” an-Nasai 581. Sheikh al-Albani called the isnad of the hadith good.

Imam an-Nawawi said: “Externally, this hadith indicates that under two rak’ats we are talking about the Sunnah of two rak’ats before the prayer ‘Asr. But Qadi Iyyad said: “These two rak’ahs should be attributed to the Sunnah of the lunch (zuhr) prayer, as was transmitted in another hadith of Umm Salama, in order to combine both hadiths. And the voluntary lunch prayer can be referred to as “prayer before ‘Asra!” See Sharh Sahih Muslim 6/122.

And finally, a group of scholars said that performing two voluntary rak'ats after 'Asr is Sunnah, but on the condition that these two rak'ats are performed immediately after the 'Asr prayer, while the sun is still high and is not setting. And we are talking about a separate Sunnah associated with the ‘Asr prayer, and not a refund for any specific voluntary prayer.

This opinion is the best for several reasons:

Firstly, an indication of this is the testimony of 'Aisha, who said: "The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, never abandoned performing two rak'ats, either secretly or openly: two rak'ats before morning prayer and two rak'ats." ata after the prayer 'Asr! al-Bukhari 592, Muslim 2/211.

Ibn Muntashir said that his father performed two rak’ats after ‘Asr, and when he was asked about this, he said: “I would not have performed them if I had not seen Masruk perform this prayer, and he was worthy of trust. However, I asked ‘Aisha about this, and she said: “The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, never forsook performing two rak’ats before the morning (Fajr) prayer and performing two rak’ats after the ‘Asr prayer!'” Ibn Abu Shaybah 2/352. The isnad is reliable. See “as-Silsilya as-sahiha” 2920.

And there are many such statements passed down from ‘Aisha.

That's why “affirmation is given preference over negation”, as an important Sharia rule says about this! Because affirmation is knowledge, whereas negation is absence of knowledge.

As for why some companions did not know about this Sunnah, the reason for this was explained by 'Aisha, who said: “I swear by the One who took the prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, to Himself, he never left performing two rak'ats after 'asra until he met Allah. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) always performed these two rak’ahs at home, never doing it in the mosque, fearing that it would be too difficult for his community, but he loved to make it easier for his ummah.” al-Bukhari 590.

Secondly, the opinion of the first group of scholars, who prohibited performing voluntary prayers after the ‘Asr prayer before sunset, as well as at other condemned periods of time, is very strong, because an important Sharia rule states: “What is forbidden is given preference over what is commanded”. But there is one thing! The hadiths that talk about the prohibition of performing voluntary prayers during sunset are generalized, while other hadiths indicate that the prohibition applies directly to the time when the sun is already close to sunset! Ibn ‘Umar reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “If the edge of the sun appears above the horizon, delay prayer until it rises completely above the horizon, and if the edge of the sun disappears below the horizon, postpone prayer until the sun completely sets below the horizon!” al-Bukhari 583.

‘Ali ibn Abu Talib said: “The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, forbade prayer after ‘Asr, unless the sun was still high and white!” Ahmad 1/130, Abu Daud 1274, an-Nasai 2/280. The authenticity of the hadith was confirmed by Hafiz al-‘Iraqi, Hafiz Ibn Hajar and Sheikh al-Albani.

Therefore, those hadiths are general, and these are specific, on the basis of which it becomes clear that it is forbidden to perform voluntary prayers directly during sunset. Proof of this is also the words of Bilal, who said: “Performing prayer was not prohibited, except directly during sunset!” Ibn Hazm 3/14. The isnad is reliable. See “as-Silsila as-sahiha” 1/390.

Thus, these hadiths clearly indicate that voluntary prayers after ‘Asr were prohibited immediately during sunset, when the sun already turns red. As for the period when it is still high, there is no prohibition on performing voluntary prayers at this time. Therefore, it is reported that the transmitter of the mentioned hadith, ‘Ali ibn Abu Talib, performed two rak’ahs after ‘asr, as reported by ‘Asym ibn Damra. al-Bayhaqi 2/458.

Thirdly, the fact that ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab beat people who performed prayer after ‘Asr was a consequence of his ijtihad. Imam Ibn Hazm said: “Some say: 'Umar beat people for prayer after 'Asr, and also Ibn 'Abbas with him!' We say to this: 'There is no argument in the action of anyone except the Messenger, peace be upon him. and the blessings of Allah, neither 'Umar nor anyone else! On the contrary, the actions of the prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, are an argument both for ‘Umar and for others. And it is known that ‘Many companions contradicted Umar on this!’” See “al-Muhalla” 2/272.

The reason for this action of ‘Umar was explained by ‘Aisha. Shuraykh’s son said that his father once asked ‘Aisha: “How did the prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, pray?” When she mentioned two rak’ats after ‘asr, he said: “But ‘Umar beat for this?!” She said: “‘Umar himself performed these two rak’ats, and he knew that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, also performed them. However, your people are very religious, and when they performed the lunch prayer (zuhr), they performed voluntary prayers between zuhr and ‘asr. And when they performed ‘asr, they performed voluntary prayers between ‘asr and Maghrib. And that’s why ‘Umar beat them and did the right thing!” al-Siraj in al-Musnad 1/132. The isnad is reliable. See “al-Silsila al-sahiha” 6/1013.

Al-Sahib also said: “Once, when ‘Umar was caliph, he saw Zayd ibn Khalid al-Juhani perform two rak’ahs after ‘asr. Then ‘Umar approached him and hit him with a whip, but Zayd never stopped performing this prayer. When he finished the prayer, he said: “Beat, O Amir of the Faithful, I swear by Allah, I will never stop performing this prayer after I saw that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, performed it!” 'Umar sat down to him and said: “O Zayd ibn Khalid! If I were not afraid that people would pray until the evening, I would not beat them for this!’” Ahmad, at-Tabarani. Hafiz al-Haythami called the isnad good. See Majma'u-zawaid 2/223.

Thus, ‘Umar acted in such a way as to block the paths leading to a blameworthy and forbidden act.

Based on the above, it follows that performing two rak’ats of voluntary prayer immediately immediately after the ‘asr prayer is an established Sunnah, which was performed by the prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, many companions and their followers (tabi’un). The son of Tauus related from the words of his father: “Abu Ayyub al-Ansari always performed two rak’ats after ‘asr until the reign of ‘Umar. When ‘Umar became caliph, Abu Ayyub stopped performing them. And after the death of 'Umr, he again began to perform them, and when he was asked about this, he said: “Truly, 'Umar beat for performing this prayer!” And the son of Tauus said: “And my father (Tauus) never abandoned performing this prayers!“” 'Abdur-Razzak 2/334. Sheikh al-Albani called the hadith authentic.

The performance of these two rak'ats is transmitted from many companions, including 'Aisha, 'Ali ibn Abu Talib, Abu ad-Darda, Ibn 'Umar, 'Abdullah ibn az-Zubayir, Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, Zayd ibn Khalid, Abu Burda ibn Abu Musa and others. And also from many followers (tabi'un), including Sa'id ibn al-Musayib, Abu Sha'sa, Hamad ibn Salama, 'Amr ibn Maymun, al-Asuad ibn Yazid, Abu Wail and others, which are given with reliable isnads by Ibn Abu Shayba, 'Abdur-Razzak and others. See “al-Mukhalla” 2/272-283, “Sharh Sunan an-Nasai” 7/365-372.

Thus, based on everything stated above, it becomes clear that this forgotten Sunnah, about which many Muslims do not have knowledge, should be revived, and some of them even consider it an innovation.

The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: “Whoever revives my Sunnah, which people killed after me, will receive a reward similar to those who perform this Sunnah, which will not reduce their own reward! And the one who introduces an innovation that people will make will bear the burden of this, which will not reduce the burden of those who made this innovation!” Ibn Majah 209, at-Tirmidhi 2677. This hadith has several ways of transmission that reinforce each other. And its authenticity was confirmed by Imam Abu ‘Isa at-Tirmizi, Imam al-Baghawi, Sheikh Ibn Hajar al-Haytami and Sheikh al-Albani. See “Jami’ at-Tirmidhi” 3/128, “Sharhu-Ssunna” 1/198, “al-Zawajir” 1/98, “Sahih Sunan Ibn Majah”.

The procedure for performing namaz in the four madhhabs (theological and legal schools) of Islam has some minor differences, through which the entire palette of the prophetic heritage is interpreted, revealed and mutually enriched. Considering that on the territory of the Russian Federation and the CIS, the madhhab of Imam Nu'man ibn Sabit Abu Hanifa, as well as the madhhab of Imam Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i, are most widely spread, we will analyze in detail only the features of the two schools mentioned.

In ritual practice, it is advisable for a Muslim to follow any one madhhab, but in a difficult situation, as an exception, one can act according to the canons of any other Sunni madhhab.

“Perform the obligatory prayer and pay zakat [obligatory charity]. Hold on to God [ask for help only from Him and rely on Him, strengthen yourself through worshiping Him and doing good deeds to Him]. He is your Patron..." (see).

Attention! Read all articles on prayer and issues related to it in a special section on our website.

“Truly, it is prescribed for believers to perform prayer-namaz at a strictly defined time!” (cm. ).

In addition to these verses, let us recall that the hadith, which lists the five pillars of religious practice, also mentions daily prayer five times a day.

To perform prayer the following conditions must be met:

1. The person must be a Muslim;

2. He must be an adult (children must begin to be taught to pray from the age of seven to ten);

3. He must be of sound mind. People with mental disabilities are completely exempt from religious practice;

6. Clothing and place of prayer should be;

8. Turn your face towards Mecca, where the shrine of Abrahamic Monotheism is located - the Kaaba;

9. There must be an intention to pray (in any language).

Order of performing morning prayer (Fajr)

Time performing morning prayer - from the moment of dawn until the beginning of sunrise.

Morning prayer consists of two rak'ahs of sunnah and two rak'ahs of fard.

Two rak'ahs of sunnah

At the end of the azan, both the reader and the one who heard it say “salavat” and, raising their hands to chest level, turn to the Almighty with a prayer traditionally recited after the azan:

Transliteration:

“Allaahumma, Rabba haazihi dda’wati ttaammati wa ssalyayatil-kaaima. Eeti mukhammadanil-vasilyata val-fadyilya, wab'ashu makaaman mahmuudan elyazii va'adtakh, warzuknaa shafa'atahu yavmal-kyayame. Innakya laya tuhliful-mii’aad.”

للَّهُمَّ رَبَّ هَذِهِ الدَّعْوَةِ التَّامَّةِ وَ الصَّلاَةِ الْقَائِمَةِ

آتِ مُحَمَّدًا الْوَسيِلَةَ وَ الْفَضيِلَةَ وَ ابْعَثْهُ مَقَامًا مَحْموُدًا الَّذِي وَعَدْتَهُ ،

وَ ارْزُقْنَا شَفَاعَتَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ، إِنَّكَ لاَ تُخْلِفُ الْمِيعَادَ .

Translation:

“O Allah, Lord of this perfect call and beginning prayer! Give Prophet Muhammad “al-wasiyla” and dignity. Give him the high position promised. And help us to take advantage of his intercession on the Day of Judgment. Verily, You do not break your promise!”

Also, after reading the azan, announcing the onset of morning prayer, it is advisable to say the following du‘a:

Transliteration:

“Allaahumma haaze ikbaalyu nahaarikya wa idbaaru laylikya wa asvaatu du’aatik, fagfirlii.”

اَللَّهُمَّ هَذَا إِقْبَالُ نَهَارِكَ وَ إِدْباَرُ لَيْلِكَ

وَ أَصْوَاتُ دُعَاتِكَ فَاغْفِرْ لِي .

Translation:

“O Almighty! This is the coming of Your day, the end of Your night and the voices of those calling to You. I'm sorry!"

Step 2. Niyat

(intention): “I intend to perform two rak’ahs of the sunnah of morning prayer, doing it sincerely for the sake of the Almighty.”

Then men, raising their hands to ear level so that the thumbs touch the lobes, and women - to shoulder level, pronounce “takbir”: “Allahu akbar” (“Allah is great”). It is advisable for men to separate their fingers, and for women to close them. After this, men place their hands on their stomachs just below the navel, placing their right hand on their left, clasping the little finger and thumb of their right hand around the wrist of their left. Women lower their hands to their chests, placing their right hand on the left wrist.

The gaze of the worshiper is directed to the place where he will lower his face during prostration.

Step 3

Then Surah al-Ikhlas is read:

Transliteration:

“Kul huwa laahu ahad. Allahu ssomad. Lam yalid wa lam yulyad. Wa lam yakul-lyahu kufuvan ahad.”

قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ . اَللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ . لَمْ يَلِدْ وَ لَمْ يوُلَدْ . وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ .

Translation:

“Say: “He, Allah, is One. God is Eternal. [Only He is the one in whom everyone will need to infinity.] He did not give birth and was not born. And no one can equal Him."

Step 4

The person praying with the words “Allahu Akbar” makes a bow from the waist. At the same time, he places his hands on his knees, palms down. Bend over, straightens his back, holds his head at the level of his back, looking at the soles of his feet. Having accepted this position, the worshiper says:

Transliteration:

"Subhaana rabbiyal-'azim"(3 times).

سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْعَظِيمِ

Translation:

"Praise be to my Great Lord."

Step 5

The worshiper returns to his previous position and, rising, says:

Transliteration:

"Sami'a laahu li men hamidekh."

سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ

Translation:

« The Almighty hears the one who praises Him».

Straightening up, he says:

Transliteration:

« Rabbanaa lakal-hamd».

رَبَّناَ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ

Translation:

« Our Lord, praise only to You».

It is possible (sunnah) to also add the following: “ Mil'as-samaavaati wa mil'al-ard, wa mil'a maa shi'te min shein ba'd».

مِلْءَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ مِلْءَ اْلأَرْضِ وَ مِلْءَ مَا شِئْتَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ بَعْدُ

Translation:

« [Our Lord, praise be to You alone] which fills the heavens and the earth and whatever You desire».

Step 6

The person praying with the words “Allahu Akbar” lowers himself to bow to the ground. Most Islamic scholars (jumhur) said that from the point of view of the Sunnah, the most correct way to bow to the ground is to lower your knees first, then your hands, and then your face, placing it between your hands and touching your nose and forehead to the ground (rug).

In this case, the tips of the toes should not leave the ground and be directed towards the qibla. Eyes must be open. Women press their chests to their knees, and their elbows to their torso, while it is advisable for them to close their knees and feet.

After the worshiper has accepted this position, he says:

Transliteration:

« Subhaana rabbiyal-a'lyaya" (3 times).

سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الأَعْلىَ

Translation:

« Praise be to my Lord, Who is above all».

Step 7

With the words “Allahu Akbar,” the worshiper raises his head, then his hands, and, straightening up, sits on his left leg, placing his hands on his hips so that his fingertips touch his knees. The worshiper remains in this position for some time. It should be noted that, according to the Hanafis, in all sitting positions when performing prayer, women should sit with their thighs joined and both feet pointing out to the right. But this is not fundamental.

Then again, with the words “Allahu Akbar,” the worshiper lowers himself to make a second prostration and repeats what was said during the first.

Step 8

Raising first his head, then his hands, and then his knees, the worshiper stands up, saying “Allahu Akbar,” and takes his original position.

This ends the first rakyaat and the second begins.

In the second rakyaat, “as-Sana” and “a’uzu bil-lyahi minash-shaytoni rrajim” are not read. The worshiper begins immediately with “bismil-lahi rrahmani rrahim” and does everything in the same way as in the first rakyaat, until the second bow to the ground.

Step 9

After the worshiper rises from the second prostration, he again sits on his left foot and reads “tashahhud.”

Hanafis (placing their hands loosely on their hips without closing their fingers):

Transliteration:

« At-tahiyayatu lil-lyahi vas-salavaatu wat-toyibaat,

As-salayamu ‘alaikya ayukhan-nabiyu wa rahmatul-laahi wa barakayatukh,

Ashkhadu allaya ilyayahe illya llaahu wa ashkhadu anna muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasuulyukh.”

اَلتَّحِيَّاتُ لِلَّهِ وَ الصَّلَوَاتُ وَ الطَّيِّباَتُ

اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكَ أَيـُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَ بَرَكَاتُهُ

اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْناَ وَ عَلىَ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ

Translation:

« Greetings, prayers and all good deeds belong only to the Almighty.

Peace be upon you, O Prophet, the mercy of God and His blessing.

Peace be upon us and the pious servants of the Almighty.

I testify that there is no god but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.”

When pronouncing the words “la ilahe”, it is advisable to raise the index finger of the right hand up, and when saying “illa llaahu”, lower it.

Shafiites (placing the left hand freely, without separating the fingers, and clenching the right hand into a fist and releasing the thumb and forefinger; while the thumb is in a bent position adjacent to the hand):

Transliteration:

« At-tahiyayatul-mubaarakayatus-salavaatu ttoyibaatu lil-layah,

As-salayamu ‘alaikya ayukhan-nabiyu wa rahmatul-laahi wa barakayatuh,

As-salayamu ‘alyainaa wa ‘alaya ‘ibaadil-lyahi ssaalihiin,

Ashhadu allaya ilyayahe illya llaahu wa ashhadu anna muhammadan rasuulul-laah.”

اَلتَّحِيَّاتُ الْمُبَارَكَاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ الطَّـيِّـبَاتُ لِلَّهِ ،

اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكَ أَيـُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَ بَرَكَاتـُهُ ،

اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْـنَا وَ عَلىَ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ ،

While pronouncing the words “illa-laahu,” the index finger of the right hand is raised up without additional movements (while the gaze of the praying person can be turned to this finger) and lowered.

Step 10

After reading “tashahhud”, the worshiper, without changing his position, says “salavat”:

Transliteration:

« Allahumma sally ‘alaya sayidinaa muhammadin wa ‘alaaya eeli sayidinaa muhammad,

Kyama sallayte ‘alaya sayidinaa ibraakhim va ‘alaya eeli sayidinaa ibraakhim,

Wa baarik ‘alaya sayidinaa Muhammadin wa ‘alaya eeli sayidinaa Muhammad,

Kamaa baarakte ‘alaya sayidinaa ibraakhima va ‘alaiya eeli sayidinaa ibraakhima fil-‘aalamiin, innekya hamiidun majiid» .

اَللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلىَ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلىَ آلِ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ

كَماَ صَلَّيْتَ عَلىَ سَيِّدِناَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ عَلىَ آلِ سَيِّدِناَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ

وَ باَرِكْ عَلىَ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلىَ آلِ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ

كَماَ باَرَكْتَ عَلىَ سَيِّدِناَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ عَلىَ آلِ سَيِّدِناَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي الْعاَلَمِينَ

Translation:

« O Allah! Bless Muhammad and his family, as You blessed Ibrahim (Abraham) and his family.

And send down blessings on Muhammad and his family, just as You sent down blessings on Ibrahim (Abraham) and his family in all the worlds.

Verily, You are the Praised One, the Glorified One.”

Step 11

After reading the salavat, it is advisable to turn to the Lord with a prayer (du'a). Theologians of the Hanafi madhhab claim that only that form of prayer that is mentioned in the Holy Quran or in the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (may the Lord bless him and greet him) can be used as a du‘a. Another part of Islamic theologians allows the use of any form of du'a. At the same time, the opinion of scientists is unanimous that the text of the du'a used in prayer should only be in Arabic. This prayer-du'a is read without raising the hands.

Let us list the possible forms of supplication (du'a):

Transliteration:

« Rabbanaa eetina fid-dunyaya hasanatan wa fil-aakhyrati hasanatan wa kynaa ‘azaaban-naar».

رَبَّناَ آتِناَ فِي الدُّنـْياَ حَسَنَةً وَ فِي الأَخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَ قِناَ عَذَابَ النَّارِ

Translation:

« Our Lord! Give us good things in this and the next life, protect us from the torments of Hell».

Transliteration:

« Allahumma innii zolyamtu nafsia zulmen kyasiira, va innahu laya yagfiru zzunuube illya ent. Fagfirlii magfiraten min ‘indik, warhamnia, innakya entel-gafuurur-rahiim».

اَللَّهُمَّ إِنيِّ ظَلَمْتُ نـَفْسِي ظُلْمًا كَثِيرًا

وَ إِنـَّهُ لاَ يَغـْفِرُ الذُّنوُبَ إِلاَّ أَنـْتَ

فَاغْـفِرْ لِي مَغـْفِرَةً مِنْ عِنْدِكَ

Translation:

« O Almighty! Verily, I have repeatedly acted unjustly towards myself [by committing sins], and no one forgives sins except You. Forgive me with Your forgiveness! Have mercy on me! Verily, You are the Forgiving, the Merciful».

Transliteration:

« Allahumma innii a'uuzu bikya min 'azaabi jahannam, wa min 'azaabil-kabr, wa min fitnatil-makhyaya wal-mamaat, wa min sharri fitnatil-myasihid-dajaal».

اَللَّهُمَّ إِنيِّ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ جَهَنَّمَ

وَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقـَبْرِ وَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيَا

Translation:

« O Almighty! Truly, I ask You for protection from the torment of Hell, torment in the afterlife, from the temptations of life and death and from the temptation of the Antichrist».

Step 12

After this, the person praying with the words of greeting “as-salayamu ‘alaikum wa rahmatul-laah” (“peace and blessings of Allah be upon you”) turns his head first to the right side, looking at the shoulder, and then, repeating the words of greeting, to the left. This ends the two rak'ahs of the sunnah prayer.

Step 13

1) “Astagfirullaa, astagfirullaa, astagfirullaa.”

أَسْـتَـغـْفِرُ اللَّه أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّه أَسْـتَـغـْفِرُ اللَّهَ

Translation:

« Forgive me, Lord. Forgive me, Lord. Forgive me, Lord».

2) Raising his hands to chest level, the worshiper says: “ Allahumma ente ssalyayam va minkya ssalyayam, tabaarakte yaa zal-jalyali wal-ikraam. Allahumma a‘innii ‘ala zikrika wa shukrika wa husni ‘ibaadatik».

اَللَّهُمَّ أَنـْتَ السَّلاَمُ وَ مِنْكَ السَّلاَمُ

تَـبَارَكْتَ ياَ ذَا الْجَـلاَلِ وَ الإِكْرَامِ

Translation:

« O Allah, You are peace and security, and only from You come peace and security. Give us a blessing (that is, accept the prayer we performed). O He Who possesses greatness and generosity, O Allah, help me to remember You worthily, worthily thank You and worship You in the best way».

Then he lowers his hands, running his palms over his face.

It should be noted that during the performance of two rakyaats of the sunnah of morning prayer, all prayer formulas are pronounced silently.

Two rak'ahs fard

Step 1. Iqamat

Step 2. Niyat

Then all the steps described above are performed when explaining the two rakyats of the sunnah.

The exception is that Surah al-Fatiha and the Surah recited after it are recited aloud here. If a person performs prayer alone, he can read it both aloud and silently, but it is better to read it out loud. If he is the imam in prayer, then it is obligatory to read it out loud. The words “a‘uuzu bil-lyahi minash-shaytooni rrajiim. Bismil-lyahi rrahmaani rrahiim” are pronounced silently.

Completion. At the end of the prayer, it is advisable to perform “tasbihat”.

Tasbihat (glorifying the Lord)

The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever, after prayer, says “subhaanal-laah” 33 times, “al-hamdu lil-layah” 33 times and “Allahu akbar” 33 times, which makes the number 99, equal to the number of names of the Lord, and after that he will add to one hundred, saying: “Laya ilyayahe illya llaahu wahdahu la sariikya lyah, lyahul-mulku wa lyahul-hamdu, yukhyi wa yumiitu wa huva 'alaya kulli shayin kadiir”, he will be forgiven [small] errors, even if their number is equal to the amount of sea foam."

Performing “tasbihat” belongs to the category of desirable actions (sunnah).

Tasbihat sequence

1. Read the verse “al-Kursi”:

Transliteration:

« A'uuzu bil-lyahi minash-shaytooni rrajiim. Bismil-lyahi rrahmaani rrahiim. Allahu laya ilyahya illya huwal-hayyul-kayuum, laya ta'huzuhu sinatuv-valya naum, lyahuu maa fis-samaavaati wa maa fil-ard, men zal-lyazi yashfya'u 'indahu illya bi izkh, ya'lamu maa baina aidihim va maa halfakhum wa laya yuhiituune bi sheyim-min 'ilmihi illya bi maa shaa', wasi'a kursiyuhu ssamaavaati val-ard, wa laya yauuduhu hifzukhumaa wa huval-'aliyul-'azim».

أَعوُذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّـيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ . بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ .

اَللَّهُ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ الْحَىُّ الْقَيُّومُ لاَ تَـأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَ لاَ نَوْمٌ لَهُ ماَ فِي السَّماَوَاتِ وَ ماَ فِي الأَرْضِ مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِنْدَهُ إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِهِ يَعْلَمُ ماَ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَ ماَ خَلْفَهُمْ وَ لاَ يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ عِلْمِهِ إِلاَّ بِماَ شَآءَ وَسِعَ كُرْسِـيُّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الأَرْضَ وَ لاَ يَؤُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَا وَ هُوَ الْعَلِيُّ العَظِيمُ

Translation:

“I seek refuge with Allah from the accursed Satan. In the name of God, whose mercy is eternal and limitless. Allah... There is no god but Him, the eternally Living, Existing One. Neither sleep nor slumber will befall him. To Him belongs everything that is in heaven and everything that is on Earth. Who will intercede before Him, except according to His will? He knows what has been and what will be. No one is able to comprehend even a particle of His knowledge, except by His will. Heaven and Earth embrace His Throne , and He does not trouble Him with caring for them. He is the Most High, the Great!” .

Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:

« Whoever reads the verse “al-Kursi” after prayer (namaz) will be under the protection of the Lord until the next prayer» ;

« Anyone who reads the verse al-Kursi after prayer, nothing will prevent him [if he suddenly dies unexpectedly] from entering Paradise» .

2. Tasbih.

Then the worshiper, fingering the crooks of his fingers or on his rosary, says 33 times:

"Subhaanal-laah" سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ - “Praise be to Allah”;

"Al-hamdu lil-layah" الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ - “True praise belongs only to Allah”;

"Allaahu Akbar" الله أَكْبَرُ - “Allah is above all.”

After which the following du'a is pronounced:

Transliteration:

« Lya ilyayakhe illa llaahu wahdahu laya shariikya lyah, lyahul-mulku wa lyahul-hamd, yukhyi va yumiitu wa huva ‘alaya kulli shayin kadiir, va ilyaykhil-masyir».

لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَهُ

لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَ لَهُ الْحَمْدُ يُحِْي وَ يُمِيتُ

Translation:

« There is no god but One God. He has no partner. All power and praise belong to Him. He gives life and kills. His powers and possibilities are limitless, and to Him return».

Also, after morning and evening prayers, it is advisable to say the following seven times:

Transliteration:

« Allahumma ajirni minan-naar».

اَللَّهُمَّ أَجِرْنِي مِنَ النَّارِ

Translation:

« O Allah, remove me from Hell».

After this, the person praying turns to the Almighty in any language, asking Him for all the best in this and the future worlds for himself, loved ones and all believers.

When to do tasbihat

In accordance with the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace and blessings of the Almighty be upon him), tasbih (tasbihat) can be performed both immediately after the fard, and after the sunnah rakyaats performed after the fard rakyaats. There is no direct, reliable and unambiguous narrative on this matter, but reliable hadiths describing the actions of the Prophet lead to the following conclusion: “If a person performs sunnah rakyaats in the mosque, then he performs “tasbihat” after them; if it is at home, then “tasbihat” is pronounced after fard rakyaats.”

Shafi'i theologians placed greater emphasis on pronouncing "tasbihat" immediately after fard rak'yats (this is how they observed the division between fard and sunnah rak'ahs, mentioned in the hadith from Mu'awiya), and the scholars of the Hanafi madhhab - after fard ones, if after them the worshiper does not gather immediately perform Sunnah rakyaats, and - after Sunnah rakyaats, if he performs them immediately after fard ones (in the desired order, moving to another place in the prayer hall and, thereby, observing the separation between fard and sunnah rakyaats mentioned in the hadith), which completes the next obligatory prayer

At the same time, it is advisable to do as the imam of the mosque does, in which a person performs the next obligatory prayer. This will promote unity and community among the congregation, and will also be in line with the words of the Prophet Muhammad: “The Imam is present so that [others] will follow him.”

Du'a "Qunut" in morning prayer

Islamic theologians express different opinions regarding the reading of the du'a “Qunut” in morning prayer.

Theologians of the Shafi'i madhhab and a number of other scholars agree that reading this du'a in morning prayer is a sunnah (desirable action).

Their main argument is considered to be the hadith cited in the set of hadiths of Imam al-Hakim that the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) after bowing from the waist in the second rak'ah of morning prayer, raised his hands (as is usually done when reading the du'a prayer ), turned to God with a prayer: “Allaahumma-khdinaa fii men hadeit, wa 'aafinaa fii men 'aafeit, wa tawallanaa fii men tawallait...” Imam al-Hakim, citing this hadith, pointed to its authenticity.

Theologians of the Hanafi madhhab and scholars who share their opinion believe that there is no need to read this du‘a during morning prayer. They argue their opinion by the fact that the above hadith has an insufficient degree of reliability: in the chain of people who transmitted it, they named ‘Abdullah ibn Sa’id al-Maqbari, whose words were doubtful by many muhaddith scholars. The Hanafis also mention the words of Ibn Mas'ud that "The Prophet recited the du'a Qunut in morning prayer only for one month, after which he stopped doing so."

Without going into deep canonical details, I note that minor differences in opinions on this issue are not the subject of disputes and disagreements among Islamic theologians, but indicate differences in the criteria laid down by authoritative scholars as the basis for the theological analysis of the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (may God bless him and welcomes). Scientists of the Shafi'i school in this matter paid more attention to the maximum application of the Sunnah, and Hanafi theologians - the degree of reliability of the hadith cited and the testimonies of the companions. Both approaches are valid. We, who respect the authority of great scientists, need to adhere to the opinion of the theologians of the madhhab that we follow in our daily religious practice.

The Shafiites, stipulating the desirability of reading the Qunut du'a in the fard of the morning prayer, do it in the following sequence.

After the worshiper rises from the bow in the second rak’ah, the following du’a is read before bowing to the ground:

Transliteration:

« Allahumma-khdinaa fii-man hadate, va 'aafinaa fii-man 'aafate, va tavallyanaa fii-man tavallayit, va baariq lyanaa fii-maa a'toit, va kynaa sharra maa kadait, fa innakya takdy wa laya yukdoo 'alaik, va innehu laya yazilu man waalait, wa laya ya'izzu man 'aadeit, tabaarakte rabbenee va ta'alait, fa lakal-hamdu 'alaya maa kadait, nastagfirukya va natuubu ilaik. Wa salli, Allahumma ‘alaya sayidinaa Muhammad, an-nabiyil-ummiy, wa ‘alaya elihi wa sahbihi wa sallim».

اَللَّهُمَّ اهْدِناَ فِيمَنْ هَدَيْتَ . وَ عاَفِناَ فِيمَنْ عاَفَيْتَ .

وَ تَوَلَّناَ فِيمَنْ تَوَلَّيْتَ . وَ باَرِكْ لَناَ فِيماَ أَعْطَيْتَ .

وَ قِناَ شَرَّ ماَ قَضَيْتَ . فَإِنـَّكَ تَقْضِي وَ لاَ يُقْضَى عَلَيْكَ .

وَ إِنـَّهُ لاَ يَذِلُّ مَنْ وَالَيْتَ . وَ لاَ يَعِزُّ مَنْ عاَدَيْتَ .

تَباَرَكْتَ رَبَّناَ وَ تَعاَلَيْتَ . فَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ عَلىَ ماَ قَضَيْتَ . نَسْتـَغـْفِرُكَ وَنَتـُوبُ إِلَيْكَ .

Translation:

« O Lord! Guide us on the right path among those whom You have directed. Remove us from troubles [misfortunes, illnesses] among those whom You removed from troubles [to whom you gave prosperity, healing]. Place us among those whose affairs are controlled by You, whose protection is in Your control. Give us blessings [barakat] in everything that You have given us. Protect us from the evil that is determined by You. You are the Determiner and no one can rule against You. Verily, the one whom You support will not be despised. And the one to whom You are hostile will not be strong. Great is Your goodness and goodness, You are above all that does not correspond to You. Praise and gratitude to You for everything that is determined by You. We ask You for forgiveness and repent before You. Bless, O Lord, and greet the Prophet Muhammad, his family and his companions».

When reading this prayer-du‘a, the hands are raised to chest level and palms facing the sky. After reading the du'a, the person praying, without rubbing his face with his palms, bows to the ground and completes the prayer in the usual manner.

If the morning prayer is performed as part of a jama‘at community (that is, two or more people participate in it), then the imam reads the du‘a “Qunut” out loud. Those standing behind him say “amin” during each pause of the imam until the words “fa innakya takdy”. Starting with these words, those standing behind the imam do not say “amin”, but pronounce the rest of the du’a behind him silently or say “ashhad” (“ I testify»).

The du'a "Qunut" is also read in the "Vitr" prayer and can be used during any prayer during periods of misfortunes and troubles. There is no significant disagreement regarding the last two provisions among theologians.

Can the sunnah of morning prayer

take place after fard

This kind of case occurs when a person who has gone to the mosque to perform morning prayer, upon entering it, sees that two fard rakyaats have already been fulfilled. What should he do: immediately join everyone, and perform two rak’ahs of the sunnah later, or try to have time to perform two rak’ahs of the sunnah before the imam and those praying behind him complete the fard prayer with a greeting?

Shafi'i scholars believe that a person can join those praying and perform two rak'ahs of fard with them. At the end of the fard, the latecomer performs two rak'ahs of sunnah. The prohibition on performing prayers after the fard of morning prayer and until the sun rises to the height of a spear (20–40 minutes), stipulated in the Sunnah of the Prophet, they apply to all additional prayers, except for those that have a canonical justification (the prayer of greeting the mosque, for example, or restored prayer-duty).

Hanafi theologians consider the prohibition of praying at certain periods of time, specified in the reliable Sunnah of the Prophet, to be absolute. That’s why they say that someone who is late to the mosque for morning prayer first performs two rak’ahs of the sunnah of morning prayer, and then joins those who perform fard. If he does not have time to join the worshipers before the imam pronounces the greeting to the right side, then he makes fard on his own.

Both opinions are substantiated by the reliable Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Applicable in accordance with which madhhab the person praying adheres to.

Midday prayer (Zuhr)

Time completion - from the moment the sun passes its zenith until the shadow of the object becomes longer than itself. It is necessary to take into account that the shadow that the object had at the moment the sun was at its zenith is taken as the reference point.

The midday prayer consists of 6 rak'ahs of sunnah and 4 rak'ahs of fard. The order of their implementation is as follows: 4 rakyaats of sunnah, 4 rakyaats of farda and 2 rakyaats of sunnah.

4 rak'yats of sunnah

Step 2. Niyat(intention): “I intend to perform four rak’ahs of the sunnah of the midday prayer, doing it sincerely for the sake of the Almighty.”

The sequence of performing the first two rak'ahs of the sunnah of the Zuhr prayer is similar to the order of performing the two rak'ahs of the Fajr prayer in steps 2-9.

Then, after reading “tashahhud” (without saying “salawat”, as during the Fajr prayer), the worshiper performs the third and fourth rak’ahs, which are similar to the first and second rak’ahs. Between the third and fourth “tashahhud” is not read, since it is pronounced after every two rak’ahs.

When the worshiper rises from the second prostration of the fourth rakyaat, he sits down and reads “tashahhud”.

After reading it, without changing his position, the worshiper says “salavat.”

The further order corresponds to paragraphs. 10–13, given in the description of morning prayer.

This ends the four rak'ahs of the sunnah.

It should be noted that during the four rakyaats of the sunnah of the midday prayer, all prayer formulas are pronounced silently.

4 rakyaat fard

Step 2. Niyat(intention): “I intend to perform four rak’ahs of the fard of midday prayer, doing it sincerely for the sake of the Almighty.”

The four rak'ahs of fard are performed in strict accordance with the order of performing the four rak'ahs of the sunnah described earlier. The only exception is that short surahs or verses after surah “al-Fatiha” in the third and fourth rak’ahs are not read.

2 rak'yats of sunnah

Step 1. Niyat(intention): “I intend to perform two rak’ahs of the sunnah of midday prayer, doing it sincerely for the sake of the Almighty.”

After this, the worshiper performs everything in the same sequence, as was described when explaining the two rakyaats of the sunnah of morning prayer (Fajr).

After completing two rak'ahs of the Sunnah and thus the entire midday prayer (Zuhr), while continuing to sit, preferably in accordance with the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), perform “tasbihat”.

Afternoon prayer (‘Asr)

Time its completion begins from the moment when the shadow of an object becomes longer than itself. It must be taken into account that the shadow that was present when the sun was at its zenith is not taken into account. The time for this prayer ends with sunset.

The afternoon prayer consists of four rak'ahs of fard.

4 rakyaat fard

Step 1. Azan.

Step 3. Niyat(intention): “I intend to perform four rak'ahs of the fard of the afternoon prayer, doing it sincerely for the sake of the Almighty.”

The sequence of performing the four rak'ahs of the fard of the 'Asr prayer corresponds to the order of performing the four rak'ats of the fard of the midday prayer (Zuhr).

After prayer, it is advisable to perform “tasbihat”, not forgetting its importance.

Evening prayer (Maghreb)

Time begins immediately after sunset and ends with the disappearance of the evening dawn. The time period of this prayer, compared to others, is the shortest. Therefore, you should be especially attentive to the timeliness of its implementation.

Evening prayer consists of three rak'ahs of fard and two rak'ahs of sunnah.

3 rakyaat fard

Step 1. Azan.

Step 2. Iqamat.

Step 3. Niyat(intention): “I intend to perform three rak’ahs of the fard of the evening prayer, doing it sincerely for the sake of the Almighty.”

The first two rak'ahs of the fard of the evening Maghrib prayer are performed similarly to the two rak'ats of the fard of the morning prayer (Fajr) in p.p. 2–9.

Then, after reading “tashahhud” (without saying “salawat”), the worshiper rises and reads the third rak’ah in the same way as the second. However, the verse or short surah after al-Fatiha is not read in it.

When the worshiper rises from the second prostration of the third rakyaat, he sits down and reads “tashahhud” again.

Then, after reading “tashahhud,” the worshiper, without changing his position, says “salavat.”

The further procedure for performing the prayer corresponds to the order described in paragraphs. 10-13 morning prayer.

This ends the three rak'ahs of fard. It should be noted that in the first two rakyaats of this prayer, Surah al-Fatihah and the surah read after it are pronounced out loud.

2 rak'yats of sunnah

Step 1. Niyat(intention): “I intend to perform two rak’ahs of the sunnah of evening prayer, doing it sincerely for the sake of the Almighty.”

These two rak'ahs of the sunnah are read in the same way as the other two rak'ahs of the sunnah of any daily prayer.

After prayer-namaz, it is advisable to perform “tasbihat” in the usual manner, not forgetting its importance.

Having completed the prayer, the person praying can turn to the Almighty in any language, asking Him for all the best in this and the future worlds for himself and all believers.

Night prayer (‘Isha’)

The time of its occurrence falls on the period after the disappearance of the evening dawn (at the end of the time of evening prayer) and before the beginning of dawn (before the start of morning prayer).

Night prayer consists of four rak'ahs of fard and two rak'ahs of sunnah.

4 rakyaat fard

The sequence of performance does not differ from the order of performing four fard rakyaats of daytime or afternoon prayers. The exception is the intention and reading in the first two rak'ahs of the al-Fatiha surah and a short surah out loud, as in morning or evening prayers.

2 rak'yats of sunnah

The rakyats of the sunnah are performed in the same order as the two rakyats of the sunnah in other prayers, except for the intention.

At the end of the night prayer, it is advisable to perform tasbihat.

And do not forget about the saying of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of God be upon him): “Whoever, after prayer, says “subhaanal-laah” 33 times, “al-hamdu lil-layah” 33 times and “Allahu akbar” 33 times, which will make the number 99, equal to the number of names of the Lord, and after that he will add to one hundred, saying: “Laya ilyayahe illya llaahu wahdahu la sariikya lyah, lyahul-mulku wa lyahul-hamdu, yukhyi wa yumiitu wa huva 'alaya kulli shayin kadiir,” his mistakes will be forgiven and mistakes, even if their number is equal to the amount of sea foam."

According to Hanafi theologians, four rak'ahs of the Sunnah must be performed in a row in one prayer. They also believe that all four rakyats are obligatory sunnah (sunnah muakkyada). Shafi'i theologians argue that it is necessary to perform two rakyaats, since the first two are considered to be the sunnah of muakkyad, and the next two are considered to be an additional sunnah (sunna gairu muakkyad). See, for example: Az-Zuhayli V. Al-fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuh. T. 2. P. 1081, 1083, 1057.

Reading the iqama before the fard rakyaats of any of the obligatory prayers is desirable (sunnah).

In the case when the prayer is performed collectively, the imam adds to what has been said that he performs the prayer with the people standing behind him, and they, in turn, must stipulate that they perform the prayer with the imam.

The time for the 'Asr prayer can also be calculated mathematically by dividing the time interval between the beginning of the midday prayer and sunset into seven parts. The first four of them will be the time of midday (Zuhr), and the last three will be the time of afternoon (‘Asr) prayers. This form of calculation is approximate.

Reading the adhan and iqama, for example, at home refers only to desirable actions. For more details, see the separate material on adhan and iqama.

The theologians of the Shafi'i madhhab stipulated the desirability (sunnah) of the short form of "salavat" in this place of prayer: "Allaahumma salli 'alaya Muhammad, 'abdikya wa rasuulik, an-nabiy al-ummiy."

For more details, see, for example: Az-Zuhayli V. Al-fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuh. In 11 vol. T. 2. P. 900.

If a man reads a prayer alone, then he can read it both out loud and silently, but it is better to read it out loud. If the person praying plays the role of imam, then it is obligatory to read the prayer out loud. At the same time, the words “Bismillahi Rrahmani Rrahim”, read before Surah al-Fatiha, are pronounced out loud among the Shafiites, and silently among the Hanafis.

Hadith from Abu Hurayrah; St. X. Imam Muslim. See, for example: An-Nawawi Ya. Riyad al-salihin. P. 484, Hadith No. 1418.